Dr. Marilyn Wedge argues in Why French Kids Don't Have ADHD in Psychology Today that US therapists (and their co-conspirators in school) tend to over-diagnose ADHD, and points out that French therapists rarely make such a diagnosis or prescribe medication. She goes on to say the following about the reasons for the lower incidence of ADHD in France:
French parents have a different philosophy of discipline. Consistently enforced limits, in the French view, make children feel safe and secure. Clear limits, they believe, actually make a child feel happier and safer—something that is congruent with my own experience as both a therapist and a parent. Finally, French parents believe that hearing the word "no" rescues children from the "tyranny of their own desires." And spanking, when used judiciously, is not considered child abuse in France..
I agree with Wedge that the US tends to "pathologize much of what is normal childhood behavior." I disagree that we should mimic French parenting styles in order to gain control over ADHD. Rather than treating ADHD as medically pathological, as American clinicians are wont to do, Wedge treats it as socially pathological. It should be viewed as neither.
As Judith Harris pointed out more than a decade ago in The Nurture Assumption, parenting styles have very little impact on children's behavior. Culture, on the other hand, has a huge impact. In parenting the way that they do, French parents are simply reflecting and reinforcing French cultural standards of behavior. Placed in an American cultural context, such parenting would have little impact. American culture, and not just parenting styles, would have to drastically change for French-style parenting to work for American parents.
Indeed, American culture is less constrained and hierarchical than French society. Wedge points out that French "children grow up in families in which the rules are well-understood, and a clear family hierarchy is firmly in place." This also partially explains why France is far less innovative than America. Strict behavioral norms impede creativity.
I'll take our wild children any day.
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